Concept 01
Pangaea was not permanent.
The supercontinent formed and later broke apart because tectonic plates keep moving. Continents are passengers on those plates, so the map of Earth changes over millions of years.
Concept 02
Oceans can open.
When crust stretches and splits, magma rises and forms new ocean floor. That is how the Atlantic opened between North America, Eurasia, South America, and Africa.
Concept 03
Continents can collide.
India did not stay isolated. It moved north and collided with Asia, helping raise the Himalayas. Continental drift is not just about breaking apart. It is also about crashing together.
Concept 04
The motion is still happening now.
The continents have not "arrived" forever. The Atlantic is still widening, Africa is moving north, and Australia continues drifting. Today's map is one frame in a much longer tectonic movie.
Evidence
Matching coastlines and rock layers
The fit between eastern South America and western Africa is not the only clue. Rock belts and mountain structures also line up across oceans when the continents are reassembled.
Evidence
Fossils on separate continents
Identical fossils of plants and animals appear on continents now far apart. That makes sense if those continents used to be connected and later drifted away from each other.
Evidence
Magnetic stripes on the seafloor
Ocean crust records Earth's magnetic field as it forms. Symmetrical magnetic stripes on either side of mid-ocean ridges helped confirm seafloor spreading and plate tectonics.