Mathematics - Lesson 10

Fibonacci Sequence

Patterns Recursion Growth Golden Ratio Spirals

The Fibonacci sequence begins with two simple numbers, then grows by adding the previous two terms. That tiny rule creates a pattern that shows up in algorithms, population models, plant growth, art, architecture, and the golden ratio.

The Rule

A sequence is an ordered list of numbers. In the Fibonacci sequence, each new term is the sum of the two terms immediately before it.

F(n) = F(n - 1) + F(n - 2) starting with F(0) = 0 and F(1) = 1

The first terms are 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34.... Every number carries the memory of the two before it.

Interactive Sequence Lab

Build the Pattern One Term at a Time

Move the slider to reveal more terms. Watch the ratios between neighboring terms settle near the golden ratio.

latest ratio 1.618

Ratio Trail

Fibonacci Spiral

Why It Grows So Fast

The Fibonacci sequence is recursive: the next value depends on earlier values. Recursive rules can create surprisingly large growth from very simple instructions.

Algorithm A repeatable rule: add the two previous terms to produce the next term.
Recursion A process that refers back to earlier results instead of starting over.
Ratio As terms grow, neighboring ratios approach about 1.618, the golden ratio.

Practice

Use the rule. Each answer should be a whole number.

1. What comes next? 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, __

2. What comes next? 8, 13, 21, 34, __

3. If F(7) = 13 and F(8) = 21, what is F(9)?

Where Fibonacci Appears

Fibonacci-style patterns are useful because they model growth where each new stage depends on earlier stages. You can find related patterns in branching plants, pinecones, sunflower seed packing, music, art composition, and computer science.

Lesson Guide

Goal: recognize Fibonacci as a recursive sequence and connect it to ratios, spirals, and growth models.

  • Start with the rule: add the previous two terms.
  • Use the lab to compare terms and ratios.
  • Ask why a simple rule can create complex-looking structure.

Teacher Prompts

  • What information do you need before you can calculate the next term?
  • How does the ratio change as the terms get larger?
  • Where else do you see repeated growth patterns?